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200 mph tape
Slang term for duct tape used to hold a banged-up race car together.
4-barrel
A carburetor with four venturis.
A-car
Slang term referring to any Acura model.
A-frame
An upper or lower suspension piece in the shape of an "A" that connects the frame to the spindle.
A-post
On either side of the car, it is the post that extends from the roof line to the base line of the windshield.
A/C
Abbreviation for air conditioning.
ABS
Abbreviation for Antilock Braking System.
advertised duration
A measurement of lifter rise that is not taken at a consistent point. For this reason, advertised duration numbers can vary greatly, and should not be used in the comparison of camshafts. Manufacturers determine the advertised duration by using the following formulas:

Intake:
Degrees BTDC intake valve begins to open + 180 degrees of crank rotation + degrees ABDC intake valve begins to close = advertised duration.

Example: 33 degrees BTDC + 180 degrees + 67 degrees ABDC = 280 degrees.



Exhaust:
Degrees BBDC exhaust valve begins to open + 180 degrees of crank rotation + degrees ATDC exhaust valve begins to close = advertised duration.

Example: 69 degrees BBDC + 180 degrees + 39 degrees ATDC = 288 degrees.
aerodynamics
The forces of resistance and pressure of airflow over, under, and around a moving car.
air bag
1. A type of passive restraint with an inflatable bag in the steering wheel or in the dash ahead of the front passengers. In a front-end collision, a sensor at the front of a vehicle will immediately cause the air bag to deploy and inflate, preventing the driver and passenger from being thrown into the steering wheel, dashboard, and windshield.

2. An inflatable bladder used either in place of a spring or in conjunction with a spring, to compensate for changes in load by increasing or decreasing air pressure.
air box
The air cleaner housing that connects from the cowl (air intake) to the carburetor.
air cleaner
A device consisting of a filter and housing that cleans the air before it enters the engine.
air dam
A fiberglass, rubber, or metal piece below the front bumper of the race car, used to increase front downforce for added stability at high speeds.
airfoil
Sometimes called wings, these aerodynamic devices improve traction by increasing downforce on a vehicle. Though airfoils improve cornering and provide stability at higher speeds, they do increase drag.
align bore
To bore or machine the assembled main bearing caps to ensure precise alignment.
alignment
The procedure by which one adjusts wheel positioning to ensure all wheels are in a straight line from front to rear. Common adjustment angles are camber, caster, and toe. These adjustments improve steering, handling, and fuel economy.
all motor
A term to describe a vehicle with a normally aspirated engine; an engine without nitrous, a supercharger, or a turbocharger.
all-wheel drive
1. Drivetrain where every wheel is under power.

2. NIRA division of heads-up racing. Allows 4-cylinder engines only, and you must be an NIRA member to compete.
alternator
A belt-driven device that powers a vehicle's electrical components and recharges the battery while the engine is running.
AN
Short for Air Force/Navy or Army/Navy. This is used for very high-quality grades of automotive and aircraft plumbing and high-pressure fittings, often for brake and fuel lines.
anodizing
An electrochemical process used to get a controlled surface oxidation on aluminum parts to protect them from corrosion. Anodized parts can be dyed in a variety of colors.
anti-sway bar
A metal bar attached across the width of a car, front or rear, designed to resist body roll during turns by transferring load or force from the inside wheel to the outside one.
antilock brakes
Electronically controlled braking systems that prevent the wheels from locking up under hard braking, by automatically engaging and releasing the brakes.
apex
1. In oval track, it is the point of a turn closest to the edge of the track. Race drivers typically get in close to the apex of turns, trying to straighten their line and save time.

2. In sport compacts, apex refers to one of the three tips on the rotor in a rotary engine.
apron
The paved portion of the race track between the infield and the actual racing surface.
aspect ratio
The relationship of a tire's section height to its section width.
aspirated
A term that describes how an engine receives air. A "normally" aspirated engine is one that is not turbo or supercharged.
autocrossing
A test of driving skills and speed through a course of pylons.
average spring rate
A ratio, expressed in pounds of tension per, that provides an estimation of how changes in spring installed height will affect seat pressure.
AWD

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